Jurnal Pangan Gizi dan Kesehatan

Description Of Packaged Food Consumption Behavior Of Nusa Cendana University Public Health Students, Class Of 2020

Marvel Tiran — 2026-04-23

Background: High-sugar diets contribute to prolonged increases in blood sugar, insulin resistance, and leptin resistance, all linked to weight gain and excess body fat. The World Health Organization reports that more than 124 million children and adolescents (6% of girls and 8% of boys) were obese in 2016, and half of them lived in Asia. There has been an increasing trend in the proportion of obesity in adults in Indonesia since 2007, which is as follows: 10.5% (Riskesdas, 2007), 14.8%, and 21.8% (Riskesdas, 2013 and 2018). Objectives: This study aims to describe the consumption behavior of packaged food among public health students in Nusa Cendana University's 2020 class. Methods: The type of research used in this study is descriptive research, using qualitative descriptive methods to determine the description of the variables studied. The sample size in this study was 67 students selected by purposive sampling technique. Results: Based on the results of in-depth interviews as well as the results of surveys and observations, researchers found that excessive consumption of packaged food. Conclusions: Students' lack of knowledge of packaged food which is reflected in the habit of reading labels and understanding of poorly packaged food labels so that students are wary of limiting consumption of packaged food.

The Effectiveness of Primary and Secondary Communication in Early Prevention Efforts for Diabetes Mellitus Among Students of Citra Bangsa Mandiri Christian High School

Deandra M. Riwu — 2026-04-23

Background: Data from the Kupang City Health Office indicates that diabetes is among the top 10 most prevalent diseases in Kupang City, with a continuous increase since 2020, reaching 5,371 cases in 2022. These data highlight the importance of early diabetes prevention efforts. Prevention can be achieved by increasing knowledge individually and in groups through health education using primary communication, or direct face-to-face counseling, and secondary communication, or face-to-face counseling using the online platform Google Meet. Objectives:This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of primary versus secondary communication in increasing the knowledge of students at Citra Bangsa Mandiri Christian High School regarding early prevention efforts for Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: This research employed a Quasi-Experimental design with a pre-post test two-group design, where students' knowledge levels were measured using questionnaires with a sample of 228 students from Citra Bangsa Mandiri Christian High School. Data analysis involved the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and the Mann-Whitney U test for difference analysis. Results: The analysis results showed a significant difference in knowledge between the intervention groups and the control group, with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusions: The conclusion is that primary communication was more effective than secondary communication in increasing the knowledge of students at Citra Bangsa Mandiri Christian High School regarding early prevention efforts for diabetes mellitus. Based on these findings, primary communication needs to be prioritized in efforts to increase knowledge. Secondary communication should be used under specific conditions.

Risk Factors for The Incident of Hypertension in Pre-Elderly (45-59 Years) in The Working Area of The Mano Health Center, East Manggarai District

Evaristus Marung — 2026-04-23

Background : Mano Health Center is one of the health centers in East Manggarai Regency which has the 1st highest number of hypertension cases out of 29 health centers in East Manggarai Regency. Data on hypertension cases at the Mano Community Health Center in 2023 for the 35-72 age group reached 595 cases. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the risk factors for coffee consumption, salt consumption, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption on the incidence of hypertension in the elderly. Methods: This type of research is an analytical survey, with a research design case control. The sample size was 120 people who were divided into 60 case groups and 60 control groups. Data analysis techniques use statistical tests Chi-square. Results: The research results show that there is a relationship between coffee consumption (p-value = 0.006, OR = 3.406), salt consumption (p-value = 0.012, OR = 4.667), smoking (p-value = 0.021, OR = 2.688), and alcohol consumption (p-value = 0.005, OR = 3.143) with the incidence of hypertension in pre-elderly (45-59 years) in the Mano Community Health Center working area, East Manggarai Regency. Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a relationship between coffee consumption, salt consumption, smoking, and alcohol consumption with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly (45-59 years) in the Mano Health Center working area, East Manggarai Regency.

Relationship Between Illness History, Exclusive Breastfeeding History, Food Consumption Patterns With Nutritional Status in Toddlers in The Working Area of Puskesmas Sikumana Kupang City

Victor Imanuel Lawa Djo — 2026-04-23

Background: Factors that cause toddlers to experience malnutrition problems are toddlers who have experienced illness where the body has decreased appetite, toddlers do not get exclusive breastfeeding, poor daily food consumption patterns. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship of illness history, exclusive breastfeeding history, food consumption patterns with nutritional status in toddlers in the Sikumana Health Center working area of Kupang City. Methods : This type of research is an analytic survey with a cross sectional study approach. This study was conducted in the working area of Sikumana Health Center in Kupang City in March-April 2025. The population of this study were all toddlers aged 7-12 months in the working area of Sikumana Health Center, Kupang City. Sample determination using the Slovin formula with a sample size of 99 respondents. The statistical test used Chi-square test analysis with a=0.05. Results: The results showed that the variable history of illness (p-value=0.000), exclusive breastfeeding history (p-value=0.000), food consumption patterns (p-value=0.000) were associated with the nutritional status of toddlers in the Sikumana Health Center working area in Kupang City. Conclusions: It is expected that parents of toddlers pay more attention to toddlers so as not to get sick and pay attention to their food consumption patterns every day and add information about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding to prevent malnutrition problems in toddlers.

Analysis of Service Response Time at Outpatient Polyclinic at Regional General Hospital (RSUD) S.K. Lerik, Kupang

Sondang Purba — 2026-04-23

Background: Hospitals are institutions that provide comprehensive individual health services. To ensure quality and continuous improvement of these services, hospitals are guided by regulations issued by the Ministry of Health. One key indicator of service quality is patient waiting time at outpatient clinics. Objectives: This study aims to explore several factors affecting service quality at the outpatient polyclinic of RSUD S.K. Lerik, Kupang. These factors include response time of health and non-health workers, hospital budget allocation, worker competence, availability of essential documents, and the overall service flow mechanism. Methods: This qualitative study applied a management theory approach and was conducted at RSUD S.K. Lerik, Kupang. Data were collected from eight informants selected through purposive sampling. Results: The Results of the study showed that that although the response time of health and non-health workers and the availability of service flow mechanisms are relatively good, there are still several challenges. The number of personnel remains limited, and there is no specific budget allocated to the outpatient clinic; instead, needs are recorded and submitted to hospital management. Equipment and materials such as computers and network systems are available, but often insufficient, especially in urgent situations. Despite these limitations, the flow of services generally proceeds without major delays. Conclusions: It is recommended that hospital officers ensure timely service delivery according to established standards to minimize patient waiting times. Improving the management system and increasing attention to service response time in outpatient clinics can help enhance the quality, safety, and comfort of healthcare services provided.

The Effect of Family History of Hypertension, Dietary Patterns, and Smoking History on Hypertension among Older Adults in the Working Area of Kisol Community Health Center, East Manggarai

Bentina A. Elperona — 2026-04-30

Background: Hypertension is one of the major health problems in the elderly that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Objectives :This study aims to analyze the effect of family history of hypertension, dietary patterns, and smoking history on the incidence of hypertension in the elderly in the working area of the Kisol Community Health Center, East Manggarai Regency. This study used a quantitative approach with a case-control design. The study sample consisted of 161 elderly respondents aged ≥60 years, determined using the Slovin formula through random sampling. Method: Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and blood pressure measurements, then analyzed using the chi-square test at a significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed a significant association between family history of hypertension and the incidence of hypertension (p=0.000) as well as dietary patterns and the incidence of hypertension (p=0.000). Conversely, smoking history was not significantly associated with the incidence of hypertension (p=0.287). It is recommended that the Community Health Center strengthen nutrition education and routine screening.

The Effect Of Administering Liquid Organic Fertilizer Doses For Petai Cina On The Growth Of Water Spinach And Kailan Vegetable

Yohanes Dwi Putra Jegili — 2026-04-30

Food availability is related to the sustainability of agriculture in drylands. Practical efforts to improve soil quality are through the application of organic fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of liquid fertilizer doses of Chinese Petai on the growth of Kale and Kailan vegetables. This study was conducted in July 2024-October 2025 on the land of Nusa Cendana University in the Food Ecology Project area. This study is a parametric study with a Complete Random Design (CRD) design consisting of four treatments with five replications. The sample of this study involved two types of plants, namely kale and kailan vegetables. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, then Honest Real Difference (HSD) analysis followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level of 5%. The results of the analysis showed that the distribution of POC Chinese Petai has a very significant effect on the growth and development of Kale and Kailan. All plant growth parameters, leaf width and number of leaves showed a significant increase. Treatment P2: 10 tablespoons of POC (10 ml) / 5 L of water has the best effect on stem height, leaf width and number of Kale and Kailan leaves significantly different from treatment P0: Control (water), P1: 5 tablespoons of POC (5 ml) / 5 L of water, P3: 15 tablespoons (15 ml) / 5 L of water. POC Petai china is expected to be an alternative in limited organic fertilizer to support family and community food security factors.

Mapping Of Epidemiological Variabeles For Diarrhea Cases In The Oesapa Community Health Center Working Area In 2024

Jelin Lawalu — 2026-04-30

Background: Diarrhea remains a major public health concern in developing countries like Indonesia, particularly among children under five. Objectives: Spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can help visualize disease patterns, identify risk factors, and guide interventions. Method: This descriptive quantitative study employed a spatial mapping approach. A total of 416 diarrhea cases reported in 2024 at Health center Oesapa, Kota Kupang, were included using total sampling. Secondary data were obtained from health records. The dependent variable was diarrhea incidence; independent variables included age, gender, nutritional status, time, and location. Results: The results This study was conducted in the working area of Health center Oesapa, which includes five urban villages: Oesapa, Lasiana, Kelapa Lima, Oesapa Barat, and Oesapa Selatan. Based on data from 2024, a total of 416 diarrhea cases were recorded, with uneven distribution across these areas. The highest number of cases was found in Urban village Oesapa, with 160 cases (38.5%), followed by Lasiana with 148 cases (35.6%). Meanwhile, Oesapa Barat recorded 67 cases, Kelapa Lima 32 cases, and Oesapa Selatan had the fewest, with 9 cases. These findings indicate that Oesapa and Lasiana are high-priority areas for diarrhea prevention and control, as they fall into the high distribution category. Conclusion: Spatial mapping revealed that age, gender, nutrition, and environmental factors significantly affect diarrhea distribution. GIS provides an effective tool to identify high-risk areas and support targeted public health interventions.

The Tuberculosis Program: A Managerial Epidemiology Perspective

Simon Sani Kleden — 2026-04-30

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, including in Indonesia. The East Nusa Tenggara Province Health Center (SITB) reported 10,110 TB cases (56%) in 2024. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia, including in Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The gap between the estimated number of TB cases and the cases that were successfully detected and reported indicates that there are still various challenges in implementing TB control programs at the regional level. These challenges relate to managerial aspects, resource availability, health care systems, and community involvement. Objective: This study aims to describe the implementation of the tuberculosis program from a managerial epidemiology perspective in Kupang Regency in 2025. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with TB program managers at primary and referral health care facilities. Results: The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the TB program in Kupang District has not been optimal in almost all managerial and service components.

Protein and Calcium Adequacy Levels as Dominant Factors In The Incidence Of Stunted Primary School Students In Coastal Areas

Samuel Samuel — 2026-04-30

Background: Stunting does not only occur in toddlers but also affects children of primary school age. The 2018 Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) reported that the prevalence of stunting among children aged 5–12 years was 23.6%, indicating that it remains a public health problem. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze stunting among primary school students in coastal areas in relation to nutritional adequacy for growth. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among primary school students in coastal areas. Data were collected on the adequacy levels of energy, protein, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and iron intake. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression to identify dominant risk factors. Results: The prevalence of stunting among primary school students in coastal areas was 12.5%, with a higher proportion among females (8.3%). Risk factors associated with stunting included inadequate energy intake (PR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.3–15.2), protein (PR = 29.3; 95% CI: 7.1–119.8), calcium (PR = 8.1; 95% CI: 2.4–37.5), phosphorus (PR = 7.9; 95% CI: 1.1–58.4), and zinc (PR = 23.2; 95% CI: 5.6–96.5). Multivariate analysis showed that inadequate protein and calcium intake were the dominant factors associated with stunting. Conclusion: Inadequate protein and calcium consumption are the dominant determinants of stunting among primary school students in coastal areas. Nutritional interventions focusing on improving protein- and calcium-rich food intake are strongly recommended.

Frequency And Amount Of Animal And Plant Protein Consumption In Relation To Hemoglobin Levels In Adolescent Girls

Nur Aulia Safitri — 2026-04-30

Background: Anemia remains a major nutritional problem among adolescent girls and can adversely affect health, academic performance, and the quality of human resources. Protein intake, derived from both animal and plant sources, plays an important role in hemoglobin synthesis. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the frequency and amount of animal-based and plant-based protein consumption and hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls at SMAN 1 Kartasura. Method: This study employed an observational cross-sectional design. A total of 90 female students from grades X and XI were selected using simple random sampling. Protein intake data were collected through interviews using a Semi- Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), while hemoglobin levels were measured using the cyanmethemoglobin method. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-square test. Results: The results showed that most respondents had normal hemoglobin levels (66.7%). Higher frequencies of animal and plant protein consumption tended to be associated with normal hemoglobin levels; however, no significant association was found between the amount of animal protein intake (p = 0.134) or plant protein intake (p = 0.266) and hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: This study concludes that protein consumption contributes to maintaining normal hemoglobin levels, although hemoglobin status in adolescent girls is influenced by multiple factors, including food quality, iron bioavailability, and overall dietary patterns.

Socioeconomic status, Eating Habits, Body Mass Index, Weight Gain During Pregnancy, and Birth Weight Urban Poor Populations in Kupang City

Anna Talahatu — 2026-04-30

Background: Urban poor households in Kupang City face food insecurity caused by economic and environmental constraints. These conditions encourage food coping mechanisms that may affect maternal nutritional status, gestational weight gain, and the risk of low birth weight (LBW). Objectives: This study analyzed food coping mechanisms among poor households in Kupang City and their effects on household food security, maternal weight gain, and newborn outcomes. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey involved 184 pregnant women and their newborns living in urban poor areas. Data were collected through household food security assessments, anthropometric measurements, and interviews. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: Most respondents had low educational attainment (62.5%) and were unemployed (74.45%). Household food security was significantly associated with maternal weight gain and infant birth weight (p = 0.047). Food coping strategies were also significantly associated with gestational weight gain (p = 0.049). Common strategies included seeking side jobs, purchasing cheaper foods, reducing food portions, and borrowing food. Conclusions: Chronic food insecurity and negative coping mechanisms increase the risk of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women, inadequate gestational weight gain, and LBW. Nutrition education, food assistance, and economic empowerment are needed to reduce harmful coping practices and improve maternal and infant health.