Jurnal Pangan Gizi dan Kesehatan

The Influence of Nutrition and Health Intervention Program Coverage on Stunting Prevalence Achievement in South Central Timor Regency

R.A. Karolina Tahun — 2025-05-15

Background: The prevalence of stunting in NTT was 37.9% in 2023 and decreased slightly to 37% in 2024. This remains above the Indonesian health cut-off (10%) and WHO's threshold (20%). The NTT government continues its prevention and mitigation efforts to accelerate stunting reduction. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effect of nutrition and health intervention program coverage on stunting prevalence in South Central Timor Regency. Methods: This qualitative study used secondary data for the 2024 period in TTS Regency. Data from the e-PPGBM application included intervention program coverage (Exclusive Breastfeeding and MP-ASI) and health program coverage (Complete Immunization, Defecation, Clean Water Availability, and Basic Sanitation). The dependent variable was stunting prevalence in the region. Logistic regression was used to test the influence of the program coverage on stunting prevalence. Results: The analysis found that exclusive breastfeeding coverage (0.048 < 0.05) and the proportion of families who stopped open defecation (0.045 < 0.05) significantly influenced stunting reduction in the area. Conclusions: Accelerating stunting reduction can be achieved by promoting exclusive breastfeeding for six months and encouraging clean and healthy living behaviors, particularly the cessation of open defecation.

Health Belief Model-Based Intervention for Stunting Prevention Among Toddlers in the Sikumana Health Centre Area Kupang City

Galfari Elsatria Digiferen Poy — 2025-05-25

Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional issue that hinders child growth due to prolonged malnutrition from pregnancy to early childhood, with visible effects after age two. It affects cognitive and physical development, lowering the quality of future generations. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between Health Belief Model (HBM) components, perceived vulnerability, severity, benefits, barriers, and cues to action and stunting prevention efforts among mothers of toddlers in the Sikumana Health Center area, Kupang City. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from February 6–29, 2024, involving 89 mothers selected through sequential sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed with the chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results: All HBM variables showed significant associations with stunting prevention efforts: perceived vulnerability (p = 0.016), severity (p = 0.010), benefits (p = 0.044), barriers (p = 0.038), and cues to action (p = 0.000). Maternal beliefs regarding stunting risk, its consequences, benefits of action, and external motivators play a crucial role in influencing preventive behavior. Conclusion: HBM components significantly influence maternal efforts in preventing stunting. The model is effective for designing public health interventions, particularly nutrition education strategies aimed at increasing awareness and proactive maternal behavior.

Nutrition BMI and Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Girls at Lembata's Senior High School 1: A Cross-Sectional Study

Anna Henny Talahatu — 2025-05-27

Background: Dysmenorrhea, which refers to painful menstrual periods, is a widespread gynecological issue that affects teenage girls and may influence their academic achievements and overall quality of life. Objective: This research sought to explore the relationship between dietary habits, body mass index (BMI), and the occurrence of painful menstrual periods among teenage girls at Senior High School. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional approach was employed. The research involved female students between the ages of 15 and 18, who were chosen using stratified random sampling methods. Information regarding nutritional intake was gathered through a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and BMI was determined using the recorded height and weight measurements. Results: Energy intake had no relationship with the incidence of dysmenorrhea, while protein and fe intake were found to be associated with the incidence of dysmenorrhea. (the p-value of protein is 0.006 OR=0.237 and the p-value of fe is 0.004=OR=0.252). BMI has a relationship with the incidence of dysmenorrhea with a p-value = 0.014 OR= 0.811. The research concludes that insufficient nutrition and unusual BMI are strongly linked to the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in adolescent females. Conclusions: Encouraging a balanced diet and maintaining a healthy body weight may assist in lowering the risk and effects of dysmenorrhea in teenagers.

Effectiveness of Multimedia Nutrition Education on Nutritional Intake in Children Aged 6–24 Months: A Study in Jayapura City

Christin Debora Nabuasa — 2025-06-01

Background: The practice of providing complementary feeding (MP-ASI) for children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia still faces several challenges. According to Presidential Regulation No. 72 of 2021, the national target for 2024 is that 80% of children aged 6–23 months receive appropriate complementary feeding. Monitoring is conducted quarterly, assessing food diversity and the consumption of eggs, fish, or meat. If feeding practices are found lacking, health cadres provide education to mothers or primary caregivers. One major cause of low animal protein intake is the limited knowledge and awareness among mothers about its nutritional importance. Conventional one-way education methods are often ineffective in changing behavior. Therefore, technology-based approaches such as multimedia education are considered more effective due to their visual, auditory, and interactive elements. Objective: To determine the effect of multimedia education on animal-protein-rich complementary feeding on the nutritional intake of children aged 6–24 months in Jayapura City. Methods: A quantitative study using a pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design was conducted at Hamadi Public Health Center, Jayapura City. The study used total sampling, involving 170 mothers of children aged 6–24 months who visited posyandu in the area. Data were analyzed using the Paired Samples t-test. Results: Multimedia education significantly improved maternal knowledge, attitudes, and the intake of energy, protein, and calcium (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Multimedia-based education on animal-protein-rich complementary feeding effectively enhances knowledge, attitudes, and nutrient intake, supporting IGF-1 hormone production and contributing to stunting reduction efforts.

Analysis of Factors Associated with the Participation of Couples of Childbearing Age in the Family Planning Program at the Onekore Health Center In 2024

Marselina Ude — 2025-06-07

Background: The Family Planning program plays an important role in reducing the population growth rate and improving maternal and child health. However, the participation of couples of childbearing age in the family planning program in Indonesia, especially in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province, is still relatively low. Puskesmas Onekore is one of the health centers with the lowest coverage of active family planning participants in Ende Regency, which amounted to 21.0% in 2023. Objectives This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the participation of couples of childbearing age in the family planning program. Methods: This study used an analytic survey design with a cross-sectional study approach, which was carried out in the Onekore Health Center working area. The population in this study were all couples of childbearing age, namely women aged 15-49 years. The sample amounted to 92 mothers of childbearing age couples selected by simple random sampling. Results: The results showed that the number of children (p=0.01), attitude towards family planning (p=0.00), and husband's support (p=0.00) were significantly associated with the participation of childbearing age couples in the family planning program. Meanwhile, the availability of contraceptives (p=0.057) and the role of health workers (p=0.069) were not significantly associated. Conclusions: Husband's support, attitude towards family planning, and number of children are the main factors that influence the participation of childbearing age couples in the family planning program at Onekore Health Center.

Determinants of Anemia and Its Impact on the Academic Performance of Female Students at Senior High School 1 Rote Barat Daya

Ayu Puspita Suryani Bessie — 2025-06-07

Background: Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin (Hb) level in the blood is lower than normal. Anemia can cause fatigue, decreased concentration, which can affect learning achievement. Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors that influence anemia status and its effect on learning achievement of female students of SMA Negeri 1 Rote Barat Daya. Methods: The type of research used is descriptive analytic research with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were female students in grades 11 and 12 of SMA Negeri 1 Rote Barat Daya as many as 402 people. Data analysis used in this study was simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. Results: statistical tests with simple logistic regression showed that there was a relationship between nutritional intake and diet to anemia status with a value of (ρ-value=0,000). However, there was no relationship between history of illness and anemia status (ρ-value=0,936) and no relationship between anemia status and learning achievement (ρ-value=0,247). The results of the analysis using multiple logistic regression showed that there was an influence between diet and anemia status (95%CI value = 1,656-158,389); there was an influence between nutritional intake and anemia status (95%CI value = 2,075-69,601). Conclusions: that schools should often hold socialization about the causes and symptoms of anemia, as well as its impact on health, especially for female students. Female students should avoid the habit of consuming foods or drinks containing caffeine or tea in large quantities, because it can inhibit iron absorption.

Association Between Infectious Diseases and Exclusive Breastfeeding with Stunting Incidence Among Toddlers at Mamsena Public Health Center, Insana Barat District, North Central Timor Regency

Roswita Sanit — 2024-06-07

Background: Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem caused by insufficient nutritional intake over a long period of time due to the provision of food that does not meet nutritional needs. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of stunting at the Mamsena Health Center, Insana Barat District, North Central Timor Regency. Methods: This type of research is an analytical study (survey) using a case control research design. The sample in this study amounted to 106 respondents consisting of 53 case samples and 53 control samples with a ratio of 1: 1. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling with the Lottery technique. Data were obtained from interviews using questionnaires with chi square statistical tests and odds ratio values. Results: The results of the study showed that the variables of infectious diseases and history of exclusive breastfeeding were related to the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the Mamsena Health Center, Insana Barat District, North Central Timor Regency. Conclusion: History of Infectious Diseases and History of Exclusive Breastfeeding are related to the incidence of stunting at the Mamsena Health Center, Insana Barat District, North Central Timor Regency. Suggestions for the Mamsena Health Center, Insana Barat District to continue to provide counseling on stunting and the importance of health promotion related to the prevention of infectious diseases in children needs to be improved again to overcome the problem of stunting in toddlers.

Factors Related to The Incidence of Stunting in The Work Area of Oekabiti Community Health Center, Kupang Regency

Karmila Finit — 2024-06-07

Background: Stunting is a condition in which a toddler has a body length or height that is lacking or not appropriate when compared to age. Data on stunting cases at the Oekabiti Health Center from year to year in succession from 2020 and 2021 are 24.8% and 20.5%. Although the incidence of stunting has decreased, it is still a health problem that must be addressed. Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of stunting in the working area of the Oekabiti Health Center, Kupang Regency in 2022. Methods: This type of research is an analytical survey, with a case-control design. The sample consisted of 142 toddlers consisting of 71 case samples and 71 control samples. Case and control samples were taken using simple random sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out by interviews, observations, filling out questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: The results of the multivariate analysis showed a relationship between the history of exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.005), history of LBW (p-value = 0.000) and maternal knowledge (p-value = 0.001). Conclusions: The history of LBW is the most related variable and has the greatest risk of stunting. It is hoped that the community, especially women of childbearing age (WUS), will know and prepare nutrition before planning a pregnancy and be more active in going to the integrated health post to get information about nutrition and also to monitor the nutritional status of toddlers.

Analysis of Factors Related to Stunting Incidence in the Service Area of Alak Health Center, Kupang City

Intje Picauly — 2024-06-07

Background: Stunting is a condition in a person who has a length or height that is lacking. The main factors that cause stunting are family knowledge of nutrition, sanitation and family support. Objectives: This study aims to determine the Relationship between Income, Exclusive Breastfeeding History and Nutritional Intake with Stunting Incidents in the Alak Health Center Work Area. Methods: The type of research used is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional study approach. The number of samples in this study were toddlers aged 1-3 years who were taken using a simple random sampling technique. Sampling used a lottery technique. Each variable studied was tested using the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between the variables of Income, Exclusive Breastfeeding History in Nutritional Intake. To test the significance, the researcher used a p-value with a significance level of 5% and a confidence level of 95%. Results: Monthly food (pVal : 0.005) and non-food expenditure (pVal : 0.003), history of exclusive breastfeeding (pVal : 0.004) and nutritional intake (pVal : 0.003 – 0.005) are related to the incidence of stunting, while monthly income is not related to the incidence of stunting in the Alak Health Center work area. Conclusions: The amount spent on food and non-food needs per month along with factors of exclusive breastfeeding history and nutritional intake are related to the incidence of stunting. Other factors such as the amount of income per month are not related to the incidence of stunting in the Alak Health Center work area.

Factors Related to Nutritional Status in Toddlers in the Bea Mese Health Center Work Area, Cibal District, Manggarai Regency

Maria Mersiani Nandi — 2025-06-07

Background: Indonesia faces the threat of malnutrition with the prevalence of malnutrition, undernutrition, stunting, wasting, and overweight still high, especially in East Nusa Tenggara Province as the area with the highest cases. In Manggarai Regency, the number of cases of malnutrition in toddlers continues to increase from year to year, reaching 320 cases or 1.3% in 2022. Objectives: The aim is to analyze the factors related to the nutritional status of toddlers in the Bea Mese Health Center Working Area, Cibal District, Manggarai Regency. Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was 87 mothers who had toddlers with the sampling method used being simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using the chi square test. Results: The results of the study showed that the level of energy adequacy (p=0.013), protein (p=0.000), parenting patterns of providing food in the amount of food (p=0.001), frequency of eating (p=0.001), type of food (p=0.001), parenting patterns of health maintenance (p=0.004), parenting patterns of personal and environmental hygiene (p=0.014) had a significant relationship with malnutrition status, while knowledge (p=0.363) did not have a significant relationship with malnutrition status. Conclusions: There is a relationship between the level of energy adequacy, the level of protein adequacy and maternal parenting patterns with the incidence of malnutrition in toddlers. Meanwhile, maternal nutritional knowledge is not related to the incidence of malnutrition in toddlers.