Socioeconomic status, Eating Habits, Body Mass Index, Weight Gain During Pregnancy, and Birth Weight Urban Poor Populations in Kupang City

Anna Talahatu; Marselinus Laga Nur; Theodora  Takalapeta

doi:10.51556/ejpazih.v15i1.480

Authors

Anna Talahatu Public Health Faculty, Nusa Cendana University
Marselinus Laga Nur Public Health Faculty, Nusa Cendana University
Theodora Takalapeta Public Health Faculty, Nusa Cendana University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51556/ejpazih.v15i1.480

Keywords:

food coping, food security, weight gained, pregnancy, birth weight, dry land

Abstract

Background: Urban poor households in Kupang City face food insecurity caused by economic and environmental constraints. These conditions encourage food coping mechanisms that may affect maternal nutritional status, gestational weight gain, and the risk of low birth weight (LBW). Objectives: This study analyzed food coping mechanisms among poor households in Kupang City and their effects on household food security, maternal weight gain, and newborn outcomes. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey involved 184 pregnant women and their newborns living in urban poor areas. Data were collected through household food security assessments, anthropometric measurements, and interviews. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: Most respondents had low educational attainment (62.5%) and were unemployed (74.45%). Household food security was significantly associated with maternal weight gain and infant birth weight (p = 0.047). Food coping strategies were also significantly associated with gestational weight gain (p = 0.049). Common strategies included seeking side jobs, purchasing cheaper foods, reducing food portions, and borrowing food. Conclusions: Chronic food insecurity and negative coping mechanisms increase the risk of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women, inadequate gestational weight gain, and LBW. Nutrition education, food assistance, and economic empowerment are needed to reduce harmful coping practices and improve maternal and infant health.

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